Principles of Economics.Monetary Policy and the Federal Reserve Essay

Venture and utilization diminished during the 2007 and 2009 downturn. Government use can build Aggregate interest since it expands liquidity in the market. The legislature may work beneath full business when work searchers are more than accessible employment thus wind up tolerating low wages. The multiplier can have an antagonistic impact when individuals lose positions because of government cut spending. This causes introductory lessening in national pay. The connection between minimal affinities and multiplier is that an expansion in MPC prompts an expansion in multiplier. Thus, increment in MPS causes a decline in the multiplier (Farmer, 2008). 2. Monetary Policy  9/11 assault prompted decline in total interest, in United States. A case of a part that was hit hard is amusement and travel divisions. It likewise prompted decline in close to home utilization. The assault caused an expansion in harmony value levels. This is on the grounds that there is a converse connection between Aggregate interest and harmony cost levels.An Expansionary monetary strategy and Contractionary financial arrangement is utilized to expand total interest. Expansionary monetary strategy is an approach utilized during the downturn to build AD by expanding government spending or diminishing duties. Contractionary financial strategy is utilized during swelling so as to diminish AD by diminishing government spending or expanding charges (Farmer, 2008). After September 11’s assault, the legislature expanded consumption in various areas, for example, national barrier. 3. Cash and Banking  Factors that prompted the home loan default emergency is a lot of borrowings and defective money related demonstrating significantly dependent on a supposition that costs of homes just go up, insatiability and misrepresentation. Home loan defaults influenced loaning banks in that their advances were not reimbursed prompting immense misfortunes. By and large, they got land that was esteemed far beneath what home loan was when borrowers had a note. Default of bonds salary sponsored by contract credits was interfered with banks were left with undesirable land (Friedman, 2010). Securitization is pooling various kinds of authoritative obligation. Canvas is a program framed by the legislature of US to purchase resources and value from organizations that offer budgetary administrations so as to fortify the money related division. Canvas opened a lucky opening for banks to pay their own obligation and gain different organizations rather than loan cash to private segments. The Federal Reserve infused assets into the credit advertises so as to assist them with loaning once more. It additionally diminished the objective government finances rate. Significant arrangements in the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act incorporate Office of Insurance which makes Federal Insurance Office that screens parts of the protection business and Consumer Protections that makes Consumer Financial Protection Agency which shields Americans from unreasonable monetary items and administrations. 4. Fiscal Policy and the Federal Reserve  The Federal Reserve System alludes to the focal financial arrangement of United States. Taken care of was propelled in light of a progression of monetary frenzies. Central Bank of Atlanta covers the conditions of Alabama, Georgia and Florida, 74 regions in Tennessee, 38 wards of Louisiana, and 43 provinces of Mississippi. William H. Rogers, Jr is the current Chairman of this Fed. This took care of ought to remain politically autonomous on the grounds that its rate is dictated by advertise and isn't unequivocally controlled by the Fed. The objective for government reserves is balanced by 0.25% or 0.50% at some random time. Taken care of offer liquidity to banks to empower them gives credit in the midst of downturn. Government Open Market Committee is an advisory group in Federal Reserve System that is accused of the duty of directing the country’s open market activities. Taken care of should diminish their rates to help spike the economy of US. This is expansionary money related arrangement (Axilrod, 2011). 5. Facilitated commerce  I bolster unhindered commerce and the NAFTA. They depend on similar preferred position. Nations produce what they can trade economically. US sends out products like corn and meat to Mexico. Some of products brought into USA incorporate bites and prepared organic products. Be that as it may, in spite of the having the advantage of expanding development and joint effort between nations, facilitated commerce has the expense of dumping merchandise into the nation and wrecking baby enterprises. Facilitated commerce ought to be confined on certain products like characteristic assets. 6. Outside Exchange  US dollar is right now losing an incentive against the euro. This is on the grounds that the European Union is discovering answer for Euro emergency. Dollars are provided by the Central Bank of USA. A dollar loses esteem when its interest goes down. For instance, at whatever point US residents purchase items from Germany, the interest for Euro goes facing the Dollar. A falling US Dollar expands ones travel costs. This is on the grounds that needs to utilize more dollars to purchase an outside monetary forms which are costly. Be that as it may, a modest dollar is terrible for the US economy since it disheartens exportation. A free drifting conversion scale alludes to a money related framework whose trade rates are allowed to move because of powers of the market without intercession by the administration (Friedman, 2010). References Axilrod, S. H. (2011). Inside the Fed financial arrangement and its administration, Martin through Greenspan to Bernanke (Rev. ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. APA arranging by BibMe.org. Rancher, R. E. (2008). Total interest and gracefully. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Friedman, M., and Heller, W. W. (2010). Financial versus financial approach. New York: Norton. Starr, R. M. (2011). General balance hypothesis: a presentation (second ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. Source record

Conjugation of the Spanish Verb Reír

Conjugation of the Spanish Verb Reã ­r The composed highlight on its last syllable makes reã ­r (to giggle) a surprising action word. Be that as it may, it isâ still routinely conjugated regarding elocution (in spite of the fact that not spelling) in many structures. Sonreã ­r (to grin) is conjugated in the sameâ way as reã ­r. So is freã ­r (to broil) with one special case - freã ­r has two past participles, freã ­do and frito. The last is unmistakably increasingly normal. Two of the structures beneath, rio and riais, used to be spelled with a highlight: riã ³ and riis, individually. Be that as it may, the Royal Spanish Academy disposed of the accents marks, which don't influence elocution, during a spelling update in 2010. You may in any case observe the complemented shapes being used. Unpredictable structures are appeared beneath in boldface. Interpretations are given as a guide and, in actuality, may change with setting. Infinitive of Rer reã ­r (to chuckle) Ing word of Rer riendo (chuckling) Participle of Rer reã ­do (chuckled) Present Indicative of Rer yo rã ­o, tã º rã ­es, usted/à ©l/ella rã ­e, nosotros/as reã ­mos, vosotros/as reã ­s, ustedes/ellos/ellas rã ­en (I chuckle, you snicker, he giggles, and so on.) Preterite of Rer yo reã ­, tã º reã ­ste, usted/à ©l/ella rio, nosotros/as reã ­mos, vosotros/as reã ­steis, ustedes/ellos/ellas rieron (I chuckled, you snickered, she giggles, and so on.) Defective Indicative of Rer yo reã ­a, tã º reã ­as, usted/à ©l/ella reã ­a, nosotros/as reã ­amos, vosotros/as reã ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas reã ­an (I used to chuckle, you used to snicker, he used to giggle, and so forth.) Future Indicative of Rer yo reirã ©, tã º reirs, usted/à ©l/ella reir, nosotros/as reiremos, vosotros/as reirã ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas reirn (I will snicker, you will chuckle, he will giggle, and so on.) Restrictive of Rer yo reirã ­a, tã º reirã ­as, usted/à ©l/ella reirã ­a, nosotros/as reirã ­amos, vosotros/as reirã ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas reirã ­an (I would snicker, you would chuckle, she would giggle, and so on.) Present Subjunctive of Rer que yo rã ­a, que tã º rã ­as, que usted/à ©l/ella rã ­a, que nosotros/as riamos, que vosotros/as riais, que ustedes/ellos/ellas rã ­an (that I giggle, that you snicker, that she chuckle, and so on.) Defective Subjunctive of Rer que yo riera (riese), que tã º rieras (rieses), que usted/à ©l/ella riera (riese), que nosotros/as riã ©ramos (riã ©semos), que vosotros/as rierais (rieseis), que ustedes/ellos/ellas rieran (riesen) (that I giggled, that you snickered, that he chuckled, and so on.) Basic of Rer rã ­e (tã º), no rã ­as (tã º), rã ­a (usted), riamos (nosotros/as), reã ­d (vosotros/as), no riais (vosotros/as), rã ­an (ustedes) (giggle, dont snicker, chuckle, lets snicker, and so on.) Compound Tenses of Rer The ideal tenses are made by utilizing the fitting type of haber and the past participle, reã ­do. The dynamic tenses use estar with the ing word, riendo. Test Sentences Showing Conjugation of Verbs in Rers Pattern Si rã ­es, yo reirã © contigo. (On the off chance that you snicker, I will chuckle with you. Present characteristic, future.) En blade, rã ­e como nunca ha reã ­do en su vida. (At long last, he is grinning as he has never grinned in his life. Present characteristic, present great.) Sonrio despuã ©s de unos segundos de incomodidad. (She chuckled following a couple of moments of distress. Preterite.) Quiero que riamos juntos. (I need us to giggle together. Present subjunctive.) En las fotos tomadas bet del siglo XIX, las personas casi nunca sonreã ­an. (In photographs taken before the nineteenth century, individuals are never smiling. Imperfect.) Para hacer cebolla frita en conserva, yo la freirã ­a a fuego lento hasta que estuviera transparente. (To make seared onions for canning, I would broil them on a low fire until theyre straightforward. (Past participle utilized as a modifier, contingent.)  ¡Sonrà ­e! (Grin! Basic.)

A Case Against Reading the Classics

A Case Against Reading the Classics The book list for World Book Night is noticeably lacking in classic literature. The oldest book on the list is Maya Angelou’s 1969 autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. There are also a number of young adult titles that will be given out that night, too. There is a reason for this.  Modern readers like modern literature. If the goal is to inspire a love of reading in non-readers, it makes sense that we give them books that they see as relevant to their lives today. So give them what they want. Four-letter words are more entertaining. Classic literature was stifled by the constraints of polite society. Even when they were dealing with serious topics, they had to handle things as delicately as possible. There was the church to worry about. The government could censor objectionable texts. To get around these restrictions, they had to be creative. Much of that creativity escapes the modern reader, and there are few who would take the time to do the research necessary to appreciate them.  Modern writers are more direct, and readers do not have to work as hard to find the answers for a unfamiliar reference, should one pop up. Sex and violence keep the 7 plots from becoming stale.  It has long been accepted that there are only seven basic plots that are used over and over again throughout literature. They all center on man’s struggle against the universe. Those seven plots are still in use today, but they are infinitely more exciting. Writers dress them up with technology, violence, and sex.  They are open about things in a way that would have been scandalous hundreds of years ago. They confront their demons, and, in doing so, make readers feel as though they can do the same. It is easier to be inspired by a familiar situation. Women’s lib and civil rights made the literary landscape more interesting.  The vast majority of classic literature was written by and about white men, and, more often than not, they came from a “respectable” background. They may not have been born with money in their pockets, but their families did well enough to ensure that they got a decent education. The poor rarely got that privilege. For a long time, women did not get it either.  Anyone who was not white was most certainly left out. That meant that these groups rarely got a voice in the the literature of the time. Readers today, particularly young readers, want to identify with the characters they are reading about. They want to know that they have a voice, too. This does not mean that the classics do not have a place on the shelves.  It does mean, however, that we should not be trying to force the classics upon an unreceptive audience. Let them discover the classics on their own. Just because they were written first does not mean that they need to be read that way. ____________________________ Cassandra Neace teaches college students how to write essays and blogs about books and book-related goodness at Indie Reader Houston. Follow her on  Twitter:  @CassandraNeace

A Case Against Reading the Classics

A Case Against Reading the Classics The book list for World Book Night is noticeably lacking in classic literature. The oldest book on the list is Maya Angelou’s 1969 autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. There are also a number of young adult titles that will be given out that night, too. There is a reason for this.  Modern readers like modern literature. If the goal is to inspire a love of reading in non-readers, it makes sense that we give them books that they see as relevant to their lives today. So give them what they want. Four-letter words are more entertaining. Classic literature was stifled by the constraints of polite society. Even when they were dealing with serious topics, they had to handle things as delicately as possible. There was the church to worry about. The government could censor objectionable texts. To get around these restrictions, they had to be creative. Much of that creativity escapes the modern reader, and there are few who would take the time to do the research necessary to appreciate them.  Modern writers are more direct, and readers do not have to work as hard to find the answers for a unfamiliar reference, should one pop up. Sex and violence keep the 7 plots from becoming stale.  It has long been accepted that there are only seven basic plots that are used over and over again throughout literature. They all center on man’s struggle against the universe. Those seven plots are still in use today, but they are infinitely more exciting. Writers dress them up with technology, violence, and sex.  They are open about things in a way that would have been scandalous hundreds of years ago. They confront their demons, and, in doing so, make readers feel as though they can do the same. It is easier to be inspired by a familiar situation. Women’s lib and civil rights made the literary landscape more interesting.  The vast majority of classic literature was written by and about white men, and, more often than not, they came from a “respectable” background. They may not have been born with money in their pockets, but their families did well enough to ensure that they got a decent education. The poor rarely got that privilege. For a long time, women did not get it either.  Anyone who was not white was most certainly left out. That meant that these groups rarely got a voice in the the literature of the time. Readers today, particularly young readers, want to identify with the characters they are reading about. They want to know that they have a voice, too. This does not mean that the classics do not have a place on the shelves.  It does mean, however, that we should not be trying to force the classics upon an unreceptive audience. Let them discover the classics on their own. Just because they were written first does not mean that they need to be read that way. ____________________________ Cassandra Neace teaches college students how to write essays and blogs about books and book-related goodness at Indie Reader Houston. Follow her on  Twitter:  @CassandraNeace

Essay about Classification Of Restaurant Tippers - 924 Words

â€Å"Kids eat free on Sunday right?!† â€Å"Can I substitute this juice for a Bloody Mary?† â€Å"Can I taste that first?† â€Å"Oh!? I’m sorry we haven’t even looked at the menu yet. We’ll just be a bit . . . (45 minutes later) . . . ok, were ready.† â€Å"Yeah, were ready. Let me have . . . uh . . . oh where was it? Here! Wait no. Where did it go? I can’t find it. You know it has the thing with the thing on it . . .† â€Å"Can we get some more of your FREE bread!† These quotes, among a plethora of others, are common occurrences with the serving field. Sometimes even the smallest actions can show one’s personality in a big way. With hundreds of people dining out every single day it becomes easier to allocate them into many different classifications†¦show more content†¦The nit pickers. The attitude ‘they are working for me’ is deep-seated with this customer. Standard comments are â€Å"Is my food supposed to look like that?† or â€Å"Don’t we get free bread?† Performance reviewers can be very high maintenance, but if given endless attention and infinite witty banter, can tip surprisingly well. ( So if asked for ranch, only to have a request for extra straws as soon as the ranch is set down on table, and to have yet another request for a bowl of lemons as soon as the straws are set down, simply say, â€Å"I’ll be right back with that.† ) On the downside, if disgruntled, by either forgetting said ranch or taking too long to bring it to table, tips can be dearth. They feel they can justify giving a small tip because of the â€Å"lack of service†. The songbird of customers, voicing their opinion is what they do best. This is the cluster that is voted most likely to complain or compliment to management. THE I’M A SERVER TOO TIPPERS. Always understanding. Always able to relate. Always generous. Fellow servers almost tend to be dying to relate to other servers. Due to their inside knowledge of a server’s responsibilities they feel as though, at the minimum, they can ascertain whether their server is competent or not. As such, they are always grading the service. If deemed worthy, a generous tip almost certainly follows. If not ‘worthy’, a much more meager amount is all that will remain. It should be noted though that this ‘meager amount’Show MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagespossible to truly compartmentalize the mistake or success to merely one topic. The patterns of success or failure tend to be more pervasive. Still, I think you will find the following classification of cases by subject matter to be helpful. I thank those of you who made this and other suggestions. Classification of Cases by Major Marketing Topics Topics Most Relevant Cases Marketing Research and Consumer Analysis Coca-Cola, Disney, McDonald’s, Google, Starbucks Product Starbucks

The Significance of the Sydney Harbour Bridge Opening - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 933 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? The opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932 had great significance in Australian society. The bridge, an architectural marvel, cemented Australia’s status as a rising nation, joined Sydney’s two shores, alleviated the effects of the great depression and the opening provided a stage for the theatrics of the semi-fascist New Guard. Nationally, the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge marked a huge step forward for Australia. The Bridge’s strong, impressive form gave an idea of strength and success the not only reflected well on Australia, but also gave credit to the motherland, England. On the bridge’s 75th Anniversary Ceremony, Malcolm Turnball remarked â€Å"It immediately became to Sydney what the Eiffel Tower was to Paris and the Statue of Liberty to New York; an expression in steel of the energy, the confidence and the promise of a global city. † The new bridge was Australia’s first internationally recognisable construction and it demonstrated to the rest of the world that Sydney, and Australia were prospering and successful, even if they were amongst the hardest hit by the great depression. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Significance of the Sydney Harbour Bridge Opening" essay for you Create order Although the bridge’s formal proposal was accepted in 1911, serious initiatives began after world war one, a time of great celebration and national pride. Australia was looking for a way to both celebrate the brave effort of the soldiers, and remember the men who never returned and it seemed the ‘north shore bridge’ was a great opportunity for such a tribute. John Bradfield, the engineer assigned to the bridge project remarked that ‘the bridge will typify the resourcefulness and idealism of our fallen men. Not only is the bridge a symbol of Australia patriotism, it also pays respect to those who lost their lives in the Great War. Although it was obviously not planned, by the time of the bridge’s opening there were sixteen other men to pay respect to, those who died whilst constructing the bridge. Technically, the Sydney Harbour Bridge was and still remains to be an amazing feat, a fusion of practicality with simple beauty, which was a concept that the project’s planners’ believed to be synonymous with Australian values. The Harbour bridge’s construction took eight years, with 1400 men employed. Over that period 53, 000 tonnes of steel were used and six million rivets were hand driven. The Bridge was the tallest structure in Sydney well into the 1960s, and remains the world’s largest steel arch bridge. The Harbour Bridge was designed and constructed with many practical purposes in mind, one of the most eminent being the solution to the crippling division of Sydney by the vast harbour. The addition of a bridge to the Sydney skyline provided a unified traffic plan, and lessened the overwhelming demand for public transport. Before the bridge’s opening travel between Sydney’s two shores relied on ferry services, which began around 1830. By the 1880s a railway line had been introduced, which drew great business. The issue was that people grew tired of public transport, which was often plagued by strikes and fare increases. The volume of traffic was enormous and the commute was long and inefficient and by 1900 t here was an increasing amount of public meetings calling for a ‘North shore bridge’. When that bridge finally arrived, the process of travelling across the city grew exponentially easier, at a time where there was only a total 30000 vehicles on Sydney roads, all of Sydney’s people could have crossed it one afternoon. In its first year the Harbour Bridge saw an average 10 900 vehicles travel its length a day. By the early 2000’s over 150 000 cars crossed each day. The bridge’s timely opening made the daily commute of thousands exponentially faster and easier. When construction began in 1923, the war had ended, business was booming and Australian society was flourishing, but by 1928 everything had changed. Economic depression had set in. Decreased demand led to the mass unemployment of Australians which hit its lowest point in 1932, the year of the Harbour Bridge’s Opening, at over 30%. Coupled with the expenses of the war effort, Australians were struggling to cope under all the financial strain. With so many men out of work, Public Works such as the bridge were ideal projects to provide well paying jobs to skilled Australian workers. Dorman Long, the engineering company in charge of the Harbour Bridge project provided 1400 jobs a year in construction and many more supplying materials. Those extra jobs provided much-needed relief to struggling Australian families. In the months preceding the bridge’s official opening on the 19th of March 1932, the New South Wales was once again in the midst of political turmoil after the announcement that Jack Lang, the state’s controversial premier was to perform the official opening instead of the Governor, Phillip Game. Perhaps most outraged by this decision was the New Guard a radical semi-fascist paramilitary group who deemed Lang to be someone ‘masquerading as premier’. On the day of the opening Francis De Groot, a member of the New Guard gate crashed the ceremony and managed to beat Jack Lang to cutting of the ribbon, which he slashed with his sword, whilst on horseback, donning military uniform. This event was significant because it marked the most prominent act of resistance to the government by the New Guard, at a time filled disillusionment and disgust with party politics. The Harbour Bridge is not only a symbol of the Australian Spirit and an example of Australian ingenuity in engineering and but it also remains as a reminder of the turbulent times in which it was built, which were filled with political and economic uncertainty.

Religion Wars Of Religion - 1140 Words

Chelsea R. Taufaasau Professor Bocija History 1111 Final Essay-Religion Wars of Religion Before and after the 16 th century, religion was not a characteristic that one used to describe an individual but it was a way of daily life - incorporated into individual and family values, beliefs, and morals. The Church played an active and vital role in the community by offering educational opportunities, the stability of religious presence, and agricultural necessities. These attributes made religion and politics intertwined with no simple way for leaders to impose one without inflicting the other. This seesaw concept created an environment that was tumultuous and uncertain. Faced†¦show more content†¦The introduction of this belief was a large development to Christianity and the Catholic Church. Until 1517, when Luther published his work Ninety-Five Theses, part of the foundation of Christian belief was their obedience to the Church. The Church enforced the idea of indulgences as t he only pathway to salvation and this became a shared understanding of Christians thus taking away any individuality in religious practice. On the other hand, Luther offered a perspective that was more personal and internalized, giving leeway to individual thought in regards to religion. Luther’s ideas appealed to a mass amount of people whose frustration with the Church circled around cynicism, exploitation, decadence, dissolution and ineptitude of the clergy. The public was desperate for social and religious reforms that limited the wealth and property of the Church. Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses gave Christians the courage to confront the corruption of the Church. However, the dispute of religious values and morals led to a violent conflict between the Catholic and Protestant believers. While Luther’s proposed reformation of the Church involved a more interpersonal relationship with God, John Calvin offered a more legal perspective. He was adamant on the notion s that moral righteousness should be practiced constantly and indulgences and pleasures must be controlled. He also purposed the idea that

Promote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health

Question: Discuss about the Promote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health. Answer: Shakira's situation and health can be understood in context of two social determinants of health. She is socially disadvantaged, lives without parents, and suffers from extreme poverty and does not have enough to eat. Poor quality and overcrowded housing is often the cause of rheumatic fever (He, et al., 2016). Living in remote area makes access to treatment difficult. Extreme poverty prevented her family from providing her with living conditions and nutrition that could improve her health. Penicillin oral or injectible, prophylaxis is advised for long term treatment of rheumatic fever. Acute rheumatic fever if left untreated can cause rheumatic heart disease. In Australia's Northern Territory, it has been reported that 92% of the RHD cases occur among the Indigenous people. 150-380 per 100,000 cases of ARF have been reported (Parnaby Carapetis, 2010). The ATSI people find it easier to communicate through a method of reciprocal exchange of ideas. As an EN it is culturally appropriate to talk to patients in a reciprocal informal exchange. The patients are then able to feel more comfortable when receiving the treatment. Similarly, a health professional's suggestions would be considered culturally competent if the method of giving advice was non-interfering. For example, it would be enough to suggest diet for a diabetics. Mentioning the complications that could arise if the suggestions were not followed would be culturally incompetent (Durey Thompson, 2012). The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander act, 2005 has been legislated to facilitate the development of self sufficiency among the Aboriginal persons and Torres Strait Islanders. The act envisages their development in the economic, cultural and social arenas and ensures delivery of services by the State and local governments (C2012C00258, 2005). The likelihood of sickness among the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders inustralia is two and a half times greater than the mainstream population. They also have significantly lower life expectancies than the white population. The health inequity among them is due to multiple factors of colonisation, racism and stolen generations- forcible removal of children from their families. The impact of colonisation was such that the indigenous people's land was taken away from them, their culture, language and social structure were affected and caused them severe mental distress. Their health was affected and to this day they shy away fromseeking treatment in the mainstream healthcare system. Provision of culturally safe care is possible if the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community is involved in taking decisions from the stage of policy framing. So that culturally appropriate care can be delivered to a population that has sufferedfrom health inequities for a long time. The design, service delivery and involvement in policy implementation by community members can ensure that all requirements of the people are met. Health outcomes are expected to be good when members of the community become a part of service provision because they understand the language and culture of their own people. Problems of racism and discrimination are addressed and cultural values remain intact when delivering healthcare (/health-plan.pdf, 2013). Effective communication when consulting with Shakira and her family would be possible when trying to understand the difficulties faced by her extended family. The main requirement of her treatment is regular antibiotic injections every three weeks. Shakira's family will be introduced to an ATSI service provider who can effectively communicate the importance of the injections. The importnce of the echocardiography tests can be communicated in a similar manner. Another urgent requirement is that Shakira attend school so that her day begins with nutritious meal that her family is unable to provide. Repeated reminders by the ATSI service provider will be provided to ensure her medical needs are met. Taking time to understand her family during the communication will improve communication (/communicating-with-indigenous-people-124). The display of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander posters, art, cultural symbols and culturally attuned content creates an environment that is more inviting for them. When they access healthcare in such an environment they feel that their culture is being respected and they feel encouraged to visit such centres. The history of colonisation, racism and the forcible removal of children from their families has instilled a fear and version towards the non-indegenous people of Australia. They are feared and the continued misunderstanding of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people's way of thinking and their connections with family, land and their culture is looked down upon. The attitude of white supremacy when dealingwith the educationally and developmentally deprived Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is evident in the way they are treated even today. Their inability to access health care due to social determinants of health has put them at a greater disadvantage. Before they access a health service, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people may fear whether they will be understood they may also fear discrimination due to racism. A culturally unsafe practice could misunderstand their language treat them as being from an inferior race and society. References /communicating-with-indigenous-people-124. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.clinedaus.org.au: https://www.clinedaus.org.au/topics-view/communicating-with-indigenous-people-124 /health-plan.pdf. (2013, July). Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.au: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/B92E980680486C3BCA257BF0001BAF01/$File/health-plan.pdf C2012C00258. (2005). Retrieved from https://www.legislation.gov.au: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2012C00258 Durey, A., Thompson, S. (2012). Reducing the health disparities of Indigenous Australians: time to change focus. BMC Health Services Research, 12:151. He, V., Condon, J., Ralph, A., Zhao, Y., Roberts, K., de Dassel, J., . . . Carapetis, J. (2016). Long-Term Outcomes From Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease. Circulation, 134(3): 222232. Parnaby, M., Carapetis, J. (2010). Rheumatic fever in indigenous Australian children. Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health, 46(9):527-33.

Slip Stitch Pass free essay sample

Phish. Many people have heard the name, but not the music. They recently released a live CD, Slip Stitch Pass, which contains a variety of flavors from the bands repertoire of songs. Many fans of the Grateful Dead, Dave Matthews Band, and Rusted Root are seen flocking to Phish concerts. The band consistently sells out at larger venues, like Madison Square Garden and Red Rocks in Colorado. Their songs are long, with some over 20 minutes. However, most are original with instrumental jams that change every time they are played. To capture the once-in-a-lifetime occurrence, many fans record the concert and trade the tapes with other fans. Their live CD was recorded in Germany in early 1997. The disc is over 72 minutes long, with only nine songs. Mikes Song is one of the stronger tunes and stretches to 15 minutes, but the band goes through several distinct sounds during it. Other songs that go through transformations include Weekapaug Groove, Taste, and Wolfmans Brother. We will write a custom essay sample on Slip Stitch Pass or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are also two cover songs on Slip Stitch and Pass. The first, Cities, by the Talking Heads, is a pretty much straight-forward cover, with hardly any changes except a small jam at the end. However, the other cover, Jesus Just Left Chicago, by ZZ Top, turns into a longer typical Phish jam, and is over ten minutes long. Phish best expresses itself on-stage, so their best work is on their live albums. This is a definite must-have for all of the Phishheads out there! .

mechatronics essays

mechatronics essays The topic of mechatronics is a very new and emerging aspect of engineering. It originated from the Japanese company Yaskawa in 1969. Since the phrase mechatronics was originally coined in Japan the idea has expanded worldwide. The definition of mechatronics varies somewhat from place to place but the general idea remains the same. Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of precision mechanical engineering, electronic control and systems thinking in the design of products and manufacturing processes. As the world moves forward we continue to look for new ways of improving and enhancing the lifestyles of people through new innovations and production techniques. The continued advancement in technology is creating a growing demand for engineers to become more diverse in their disciplines of study. Traditional engineering is divided into many disciplines such as Chemical, Civil, Computer, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering. Mechatronics is then the integration of Computer , Electrical, and Mechanical engineering in the design of products and manufacturing processes. The Venn diagram below illustrates the connection between different disciplines of engineering. The profession of engineering will undergo tremendous change due in part from the new idea of mechatronics. No longer will people be able to specialize solely on computer electrical or mechanical engineering. The demand for engineers in the manufacturing sector who have interdisciplinary skills will continue to grow. Thus causing a need for engineers to incorporate multiple disciplines in their careers. Some of this evolution of engineering is already seen today. For example there has already been a progression towards automation and computer control of simple mechanical systems in many consumer products and the progression is even more evident in manufacturing of theses products. In the future artificial intelligence will be a part of everyday life. Many ...

The Impact of Immigration Law to the HR Field Research Paper

The Impact of Immigration Law to the HR Field - Research Paper Example President Obama’s immigration executive action will lead to significant changes in the wage structure of the US labor market that will demand the attention of HR planners and recruiters for a smooth transition. Various organizations and think tanks interested in the US immigration debate have given their analysis and forecasts on the potential impact of the president’s executive action on the US labor market. According to the Council of Economic Advisors estimates, the executive actions by President Obama are projected to raise the average wages of native-born American citizens by 0.3% (or $170 in today’s dollars) over the coming 10 years. The CAP estimates that wages will increase by an average of 8.5% over the next one year for individuals who will be eligible for new and deferred action (Center for American Progress). These wage gains will be driven by the potential eligibility for work permits, better job matches in the market as well as a reduced probability of being taken advantage of being employers. The FPI, on the other hand, estimates a 5 to 10 percent increase in wages over the next five years for the projected 5 million workers who will be expected to gain work authorization through the president executive's expanded deferred action (Garcia, 2013). The NAID Center approximates that the deferred action on 3.8 million undocumented immigrants could raise labor income by as much as $ 7.1 billion in the order’s first two years of implementation (â€Å"Executive Action†, 2014).

Ethics case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethics case - Essay Example Tarek should also consider the fact that Hind has taken measures to improve the quality of pizza and that blind taste tests have rendered Holiday Inn made pizza to be at least of the same quality as the quality of pizzas made by two major pizza delivery competitors in Amman. Another fact that needs to be considered is that the strategy of installing a pizza oven in the kitchen in the past did bring modest improvement in the room service business, and the only step that could be taken after considering the departing guests’ responses was to improve the quality, which when tried did not improve the business. These facts strongly justify the establishment of a separate pizza-making facility with a separate identity. However, Hind’s proposal that this should be kept a secret is subject to critical analysis. The ethical issues in the case are hidden truth about the identity of Napoli Pizza. Clients are being made to believe that it is a separate pizza-making facility that apparently has no connection with Holiday Inn. This is evident from the fact that separate Napoli Pizza brochures and special Napoli Pizza boxes are being requested for each guest room in addition to Napoli Pizza hats and jackets for the room service personnel that would be assigned the task of delivering the pizzas to the clients. The fact that their prefix would be other than that of Holiday Inn speaks of Hind’s attempt to hide the pizza’s connection with Holiday Inn. For a restaurant to maintain its high reputation, brand image, and customer loyalty, it is imperative that it stays honest with the clients and does the business in a transparent way. A potential risk in the proposal is that Holiday Inn’s image might be jeopardized in the clients’ eyes if they find out the truth and there are possibilities for this; firstly, the phone calls made at the number mentioned on the Napoli Pizza brochures will be attended at

Effects of Excessive Petroleum Use

Effects of Excessive Petroleum Use Researches shown that in 2014, the world’s oil consumptions would reach 90, 78 million barrels per day. This indicates the importance of the oil in every country, both developing and developed countries. But in the same research, the supply of oil in one day in the world’s only estimated about 89, 74 million barrels per day, which means the supply will soon can’t afford the usage of oil in the world. This lack of supply can easily cause the exhaustion of petroleum and then it may lead to the power crisis. Petroleum supply exhaustion is one of the biggest problems in every country in the world, governments and scientists are trying to find ways to solve this issue. Amongst some effort that have been done to solve the supply exhaustion problem, this essay will argue about the degradation of the oil’s quality in some area and improve the quality is one of the best way to put an end to the hardness. Litten by oil was shown to have been used in the ancient Chinese. In the 8th century, the oil production had appeared in Iraq where people use pitches, a waste of petroleum to cover the streets. The first oil drilling was said to be around Baku, Azerbaijan. But it was not until the beginning of the 19th century that oil exploitation was strongly developed. At that time, the main fuel was the spermaceti but it was too expensive, none can afford it except the rich people. Although the price was very high but it had a very bad smell so that people want to find a replacement. In the middle of the 19th century, scientists found many ways to exploit the crude oil efficiently. The first modern drilling was in 1859 in Pennsylvania and it put a start to our current petroleum industry. As the crude oil is becoming one of the most important thing for our lives, it is being overexploited that lead to the supply exhaustion, one of the biggest and the most significant problem in petroleum industry. Over two centuries, trillion of oil barrels have been exploited, this number is not decrease but it increase significantly in the last two centuries and it’s becoming more and more. In some researches, scientists have pointed out that people used 30 billion barrels of oil per year; this horrible number shows that people are using too much oil but the supply and the reserves do not enough for us to use. According to the chart posted by Michael Morrison, the world supply and demand change repidly from 2008 to the first quarter of 2012, in 2008 and 2009, the demand and supply are very similar, but from the first quarter of 2010 to the first quarter of 2012, the demand always higher than the supply, even in some times, the differences reach 3 million barrels per day. With those evidences, the exhaustion of petroleum is becoming more and more serious. It is said that the lack of petroleum supplement is becoming more and more severe, and the causes of this problem is observable. Supply exhaustion come from both subjective and objective reasons. One of the reason why the petroleum supplies deficiency than the need is the usage of everybody in the world. As we have known, oil is used in most aspect of our life. People use petroleum or at least its waste to process it into products such as all leather foot, aspirin, waxen, chewing gums, and the most important apply of oil is fuel and gas; two of the most important power resources in the world. Since oil has become so important and the products which made of oil are becoming more useful, its high usage is understandable. We all know that it is easier to use than make, so that the supply always have to follow the need. The next main reason is about the use of the low quality crude oil. Low quality oil contains a great amount of sulfur, a toxic. According to Greg Karras, low quality oil can increase the greenhouse gas emission by as much as 17 %-40 %( Environ. Sci. Technol, 2010, 44). Some statistics have shown that Middle East is the region which has the most oil reserves in the world, but in some others statistics; the Middle East’s oil has the worst quality (G. Houlton, 2010). Most of the imported oil in the world comes from Middle East, which means we are using the low quality oil; this can cause significantly bad effects to our health and our environment. This can cause severe damage to the supplement of oil. Petroleum industry is not the only one that suffers from this, industries, people, social and even some governments also have trouble with this hardness. The aspect which will be affected the most serious is the economics. The most adverse effect is price of petroleum will have to be increased. If the price of petroleum is increased, since some industries have to use the products of petroleum as its materials, those industries will be in difficulty and with the higher and higher prices of crude oil, the producer’s prices raised significantly. It is followed by every other product must increase their price which lead to the restructuring of the economics and damage directly to the life of the social groups, products excess and even economics crisis ( Kiseok Lee, Shawn Ni, 2002). Plus, the countries those who focus on export petroleum such as Russia, Arabia, UAE, etc†¦ will be suffered from the raise of the price of petroleum for some countries can’t afford it. Furthermore, some countries have the intensifying unemployment rates and the taxes collected from citizens are lower because of the low employment and with the raise of the petroleum, those countries now have to face a very pernicious problem. To sum up, the lack of supply of petroleum has many causes. Although the impact of this problem at the present is not so serious and some solutions have been given out. However, people have to overcome this soon to prevent the problem from being severely. In the case of the lack of supply, people have to take action to control this problem, not only during the event but also after it. These are the most fundamental solutions. First, the government should control the usage of petroleum in each country. There are four main ways I want to suggest to reduce the usage of petroleum. Petroleum is known to have been the most used fuel in the world and most of the products of petroleum are used to make fuel. In the event of the number of the vehicles are rising, the world need more and more fuel to run those vehicles, which lead to the explosion of the oil demand. In order to solve this, the scientists have found some replacements for the petroleum such as biofuel, power source from sticks; carrots; †¦ (R.J.Kopp, 2006). Apply those replacements in the real life will surely ease the pressure on the petroleum supplement. The next way to reduce the usage of petroleum in life is the change in people’s using habits. People have used some organic, green products instead of products made from oil. Avoid using personal vehicles to travel from place to place and replace it by cycle or public transport, using packaged without plastic products; recycle and re-use bottles, etc†¦ (J. Lucie, 2010). Plus, some industries which use petroleum as its raw materials should decrease the usage of petroleum and manipulate some others resources as the main raw materials (NASEO). It will followed by the lowered of the demand. In addition, to reduce the use of petroleum in the world, scientists should find alternatives to petroleum products. There are many sources that can replace the petroleum and petroleum-based products like electric, natural gas, hybrid gas, bio-diesel; a little known replacement to diesel fuel which is made out of used vegetable oil and can be burned in diesel cars and in home oil burners (Baltimore Monthly Meeting of Friends, Story Run, 5116 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21210). I would add that photovoltaic, passive solar, wind turbines and some others renewable fuels can be used to replace fuel. These are some alternatives for petroleum fuel which people can use it to reduce the usage of petroleum. However, most of those alternatives are little-known ones, only a little people know about it, then how can they use it There should be some propaganda campaigns that help the people know about the situation of the petroleum supplement then show them the advantages of using the alternati ves for oil, this could help people reduce using petroleum as their most important power source. Last but not least, a very effective way to reduce the use of petroleum in people and teen is some programs that the government should set up such as â€Å"weekend without oil†. This is a program which was set up by dosomething.org, an organization help young people to tackle against some impact from their own behaviors and habits. These programs should aim to helps people to recognize the ways that their daily routines help increase the oil consumption and provide the people how to avoid it (C. Tackett, 2010). This is not only help to reduce the use of oil but also make the people to be more active with some outdoor activities such as walk or ride a bike,†¦ Although all these solutions are very effective, but it’s also have some disadvantages. There’s one most optimal solution that I have given, and it is:† people should use alternatives fuel†. This is the most effective way to restrict the usage of petroleum; it’s also the best way to improve the quality of our environment which is being severely damage by the over-using of petroleum. In this solution, people can reduce their petroleum usage by using others kind of power source such as solar energy, power of the wind, biofuel, biodiesel†¦ and especially fuel for driving vehicles. As most of the amount of petroleum is used as the fuel to run the vehicles, changing the fuel of the vehicles is the best ways to reduce the petroleum usage, which biodiesel and solar energy can be the best one. Using these alternative can help reduce the reliance on petroleum of most of the country in the world. Plus, some alternatives are renewable resources while petroleum is non-renewable resources, which mean we can use as much as we can without worry about the exhaustion of those resources. Furthermore, those alternatives’s bad effects are extremely small while petroleum can cause huge damage for our environment, every year; using and exploiting petroleum emit 381.740.601lbs of toxic air pollution, 3.3 trillion lbs of CO2 (J.Sandry,2013). Using alternatives for petroleum is very useful and it’s also the easiest way to reduce our reliance on petroleum so that we can solve the petroleum-exhaustion problem, and even the environment problems. Biofuels is an example, these are result from the photosynthesis of plants which convert solar energy into chemical energy, its green and renewable though their slightly less energy than oil and gasoline but much cleaner (ecoreps). Some researches shown that using solar energy instead of petroleum in 25 years can help reduce 199.679lbs of CO2, 2316 trees can be planted with the surplus and help the drivers saving 208.166 miles driven (RGS energy,2014). This way is not being limited in any country but for every country in the world, everyone can use these replacements, it’s even cheaper than the cost of the petroleum, then why shouldn’t people use these alternatives, for both themselves and the world. However, the only downfall of this solution is that it can’t be spread through some dev eloping countries, people should find some way to widespread these alternatives to developing countries to help them. In order to reduce petroleum usage and saving our environment, replace petroleum in most of aspect in our lives is the best way to achieve our goal. In conclusion, supply exhaustion in petroleum is a significant problem in every phase of petroleum industry, but this is a most severe time when the surplus between supply and demand is at the highest ever. Industries, power, products, etc†¦ now have to rely too much on petroleum and its waste which is the most fundamental reason for this problem. This reliance does not damage the petroleum industry with the depletion of supply but also damage the economics with the raise of the cost of petroleum. However, the most significant effect is the damage our environment with the use and the waste of petroleum. In that consequence, people have to reduce their use of petroleum to save them from the reliance on petroleum. The best way to reduce the use is using alternatives, solar energy; wind energy; biofuels†¦ are very effective alternatives that people should consider to use them instead of using too much petroleum. This is not only to save the petroleum industry but also our envi ronment. Everyone should join hand to solve this problem.

American Tragedy: Self-Destruction in a Self-Indulgent Society Essay ex

American Tragedy: Self-Destruction in a Self-Indulgent Society  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     "The boy moved restlessly from one foot to the other, keeping his eyes down . . . . [and he] appeared indeed to resent and even to suffer from the position in which he found himself" (p.9). Clyde Griffiths always wanted to be somebody---anyone but who he was. Growing up in a poor home of evangelizing, exhorting missionaries, he was not drawn to God but pushed away from Him and his family. Clyde was looking for a way to escape from his haunting reality to both a place and position in life that were more attractive. He was ashamed of his looks, his attire, his social position and his poor education. American Tragedy (1925) by Theodore Dreiser is the tragic story of a man whose fate is sealed and ambitions are shaped by society's values. Clyde, in trying to fit in with the norms of society, gets into more trouble than he could ever imagine. His trouble begins in Kansas City, where he works at a hotel and runs with some boys who are not all bad, yet are not good either. When these rowdy boys "borrow" a car and pick up their girls for some fun, they hit and kill a little girl. Rather than remain at the scene, they all run. When Clyde finds himself with nowhere to go, he roams until he runs into an old friend from Kansas City. He gets a job at another hotel where he meets his rich uncle. Uncle Samuel tells Clyde that he can come up and get a job in his factory. While working in that factory, he meets Roberta and falls very much in love. However, their love affair must be a secret because he is not, as a department head, supposed to date an employee. As time goes on their relationship becomes physical. In the midst of this physical relationship, Clyde accid... ...ams of getting on and up, was in danger of death. . ." (p.623)! His mother has always known that he is driven to become more like the Griffiths of Lycurgus, but still never imagined that he would become a murderer with this drive. Clyde's desire and ambitions to be something great with the help of society's twisted thinking is what brought about Clyde's demise. The selfish, self-centered thinking of this "high society," and their teaching Clyde these thoughts makes him feel like he has no choice if he wants to obtain his goals. Being corrupted by values which he accepts in order to be successful does nothing more than seal his fate and send him to the electric chair. An American Tragedy is Clyde's story about vice and greed, and the resulting catastrophe.    Bibliography Dreiser, Theodore, An American Tragedy, N.Y., The World Publishing Company, 1953. American Tragedy: Self-Destruction in a Self-Indulgent Society Essay ex American Tragedy: Self-Destruction in a Self-Indulgent Society  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     "The boy moved restlessly from one foot to the other, keeping his eyes down . . . . [and he] appeared indeed to resent and even to suffer from the position in which he found himself" (p.9). Clyde Griffiths always wanted to be somebody---anyone but who he was. Growing up in a poor home of evangelizing, exhorting missionaries, he was not drawn to God but pushed away from Him and his family. Clyde was looking for a way to escape from his haunting reality to both a place and position in life that were more attractive. He was ashamed of his looks, his attire, his social position and his poor education. American Tragedy (1925) by Theodore Dreiser is the tragic story of a man whose fate is sealed and ambitions are shaped by society's values. Clyde, in trying to fit in with the norms of society, gets into more trouble than he could ever imagine. His trouble begins in Kansas City, where he works at a hotel and runs with some boys who are not all bad, yet are not good either. When these rowdy boys "borrow" a car and pick up their girls for some fun, they hit and kill a little girl. Rather than remain at the scene, they all run. When Clyde finds himself with nowhere to go, he roams until he runs into an old friend from Kansas City. He gets a job at another hotel where he meets his rich uncle. Uncle Samuel tells Clyde that he can come up and get a job in his factory. While working in that factory, he meets Roberta and falls very much in love. However, their love affair must be a secret because he is not, as a department head, supposed to date an employee. As time goes on their relationship becomes physical. In the midst of this physical relationship, Clyde accid... ...ams of getting on and up, was in danger of death. . ." (p.623)! His mother has always known that he is driven to become more like the Griffiths of Lycurgus, but still never imagined that he would become a murderer with this drive. Clyde's desire and ambitions to be something great with the help of society's twisted thinking is what brought about Clyde's demise. The selfish, self-centered thinking of this "high society," and their teaching Clyde these thoughts makes him feel like he has no choice if he wants to obtain his goals. Being corrupted by values which he accepts in order to be successful does nothing more than seal his fate and send him to the electric chair. An American Tragedy is Clyde's story about vice and greed, and the resulting catastrophe.    Bibliography Dreiser, Theodore, An American Tragedy, N.Y., The World Publishing Company, 1953.

Caring for People with Additional Needs Essay

Introduction In my AO1 ‘caring for people with additional needs’ portfolio I am going to provide and clearly display in great detail information and understanding of three causes of additional needs. I will do this by researching a range of sources to get in dept information. Then I will provide an explanation with great content of the effects on people who are in need of these services due to their additional needs. Finally, I intend to record in depth and show understanding of each stage of the care management process and evaluate how it is used to access, plan, implement, monitor and review individual care plans. Definition of disability â€Å"A physical or mental impairment, which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on a person’s ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities.† (http://www.equalityni.org) What is a physical disability? People with physical disabilities, also known as disabled people or physically disabled people, have a physical impairment which has a substantial and long term effect on their ability to carry our day-to-day activities. Someone with a moderate physical disability would have mobility problems, e.g. unable to manage stairs, and need aids or assistance to walk. Someone with a severe physical disability would be unable to walk and dependent on a carer for mobility. Depending on their individual needs, disabled people may require an accessible home, with or without aids and adaptations. Occupational therapists will assess an individual person’s needs for these, and refer the person on to the appropriate agency to have adaptations carried out. Care & Repair Services help disabled owner occupiers and private tenants to have adaptations carried out. (http://www.firststopcareadvice.org.uk) What is a sensory disability? A sensory disability is when one of your senses; sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste or spatial awareness, is no longer normal. For example, if you wear glasses you have a slight impairment. If you find it hard to hear then you have a hearing impairment. You don’t have to have completely lost a sense to be sensory impaired. (http://www.staffordshirecares.info) What is a Learning disability? A learning disability affects the way a person learns new things in any area of life, not just at school. Find out how a learning disability can affect someone, and who can offer support. It affects the way they understand information and how they communicate. This means they can have difficulty: †¢ Understanding new or complex information †¢ Learning new skills, and †¢ Coping independently â€Å"In practical terms,† says Lesley Campbell from the learning disability charity Mencap, â€Å"a learning disability means that it’s harder for your child to learn, understand and communicate than it is for other children.† A learning disability is not the same as learning difficulty or mental illness. â€Å"People get confused if they start using the term ‘learning difficulty’. In education this means things like dyslexia, which is not a learning disability,† says Campbell. â€Å"Our definition of learning disabilities focuses on people who have difficulty learning across more than one area of their life. It’s not just to do with reading or writing.† (http://www.nhs.uk) The three conditions I have chosen to focus on are Down’s syndrome that is caused by a chromosomal disorder, cerebral palsy that is caused by damage before and after birth and diabetes that is caused by a disease and medical condition. Firstly I am going to research Downs’s syndrome, which is caused by a chromosomal disorder. Down’s syndrome is a genetic disorder that was named after John Langdon Down, the doctor who first recognised it as a distinct condition in 1866.Down’s syndrome affects a baby’s normal physical development and causes moderate to severe learning difficulties. It is a lifelong condition that develops when a baby is still in the womb (uterus). Children who are born with Down’s syndrome also have a higher chance of developing other conditions, some of which are life threatening. (http://www.nhs.uk) Down’s syndrome (DS), also called Trisomy 21, is a condition in which extra genetic material causes delays in the way a child develops, both mentally and physically. The physical features and medical problems associated with Down’s syndrome can vary widely from child to child. While some children with Down’s syndrome need a lot of medical attention, others lead healthy lives. Though Down’s syndrome can’t be prevented, it can be detected before a child is born. The health problems that may go along with Down’s syndrome can be treated, and many resources are available to help children and their families who are living with the condition. (http://kidshealth.org) Downs syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs in approximately 1 of 800 live births. It is uncommon in the UK, for example, from 2007 to 2008, 1,843 cases of Down’s syndrome were diagnosed during pregnancy, and 743 babies were born with the condition. Down’s syndrome affects about 1 in every 1,000 live births. Down’s syndrome affects all ethnic groups equally. Boys are slightly more likely (around 15%) to be born with Down’s syndrome than girls. (http://www.nhs.uk) The likelihood of having a baby born with Down’s syndrome increases with the mother’s age: What are the symptoms? There are estimated to be over 100 characteristics of Down’s syndrome. Common characteristics of Down syndrome can include: †¢ A flat facial profile †¢ An upward slant to the eye †¢ A short neck †¢ Abnormally shaped ears †¢ White spots on the iris of the eye (called Brushfield spots) †¢ A single, deep transverse crease on the palm of the hand †¢ Smaller than average size †¢ Exaggerated space between the first and second toe †¢ Poor muscle tone (called hypotonia) †¢ Joint looseness †¢ Broad feet with short toes †¢ Learning disabilities. (http://down-syndrome.emedtv.com) The diagnosis Antenatal screening is a way of assessing whether the unborn baby could develop, or has developed, an abnormality during the pregnancy. Antenatal screening cannot diagnose conditions such as Down’s syndrome, but it can determine the likelihood of the baby developing the syndrome. If the risk of Down’s syndrome (or any other condition) is shown to be high, further testing can be arranged to confirm whether or not the baby has the condition. The test that is used for Down’s syndrome is a combined blood test and an ultrasound scan, which is known as the ‘combined test’. During a blood test, a sample of your blood will be taken and tested to check the levels of certain proteins and hormones. If the blood contains abnormal levels of these substances, one may have an increased risk of having a baby with Down’s syndrome. (http://www.nhs.uk) The treatment Down’s syndrome is not a condition that can be cured. However, there are treatments and therapies for the physical, medical and cognitive problems associated with Down syndrome. †¢ Medications can be used to treat certain conditions that occur in people with Down’s syndrome. For example, if a person with Down syndrome has a seizure disorder, they would benefit from taking anti-seizure medications. †¢ The baby’s pediatrician will be the main person managing the infant’s health issues. Most pediatricians have experience dealing with the common medical issues seen in children with Down’s syndrome. †¢ Children with Down syndrome are almost always referred to early intervention programs shortly after birth. Early intervention is a program of therapies, exercises and activities designed to specifically help children with Down syndrome or other disabilities. †¢ Physical therapy focuses on motor development. Since most children with Down’s syndrome have hypotonia or low muscle tone, the goal of physical therapy is to teach the children with Down’s syndrome to move their bodies in appropriate ways, and to improve their muscle tone. †¢ Speech therapy is a very important treatment for children with Down’s syndrome. Because children with Down’s syndrome often have small mouths and slightly enlarged tongues, they can have articulation problems. (http://downsyndrome.about.com) There’s no cure, but treatment of any accompanying health problems and support for learning difficulties allows many people with the syndrome to lead relatively normal and semi-independent lives. Others, however, need full-time care. Many people with the condition live well into adulthood, with an average life expectancy of around 60 years. Physiotherapy, speech therapy and special educational programmes have an important role to play, while specific medical conditions associated with the syndrome are treated as appropriate.(http://www.bbc.co.uk) What are the short term and long-term effects on someone with downs syndrome physically, intellectually, emotionally and socially? Long term effects- physically Common Down’s syndrome physical effects can include thyroid problems, hearing problems, congenital heart disease, eye problems, joint and muscle problems, Seizure, bone, Leukaemia and other cancers, Immune system problems. (http://down-syndrome.emedtv.com) Children with Down syndrome have a widely recognised characteristic appearance. Their head may be smaller than normal and abnormally shaped. Other prominent characteristics of Down syndrome are: a flattened nose, protruding tongue, upward slanting eyes, short hands and fingers, and a single crease in the palm. (http://www.mamashealth.com) Short term effects- physically Children with Down syndrome have decreased resistance to infections and are more prone to dental disease. Some people with Down’s syndrome may have to wear glasses or eye patches. (http://www.health.state.mn.us) Long term effects- intellectually Down’s syndrome affects a child’s ability to learn in different ways, but most have mild to moderate intellectual impairment. Children with Down’s syndrome can and do learn, and are capable of developing skills throughout their lives. They simply reach goals at a different pace. There is often a misconception that individuals with Down’s syndrome have a â€Å"static† or predetermined ability to learn. This simply is not true. It is now known that individuals with Down’s syndrome develop over the course of their lifetime and should be treated accordingly. The learning potential of an individual with Down’s syndrome can be maximised through early intervention, good education, higher expectations and encouragement. (http://downsyndrome.about.com) Some may not be able to cope up with complex thinking that is required in the study of certain subjects. Some may achieve the complex thought process much later. (http://www.buzzle.com) Short term effects-intellectually As almost all children with Down’s syndrome have some degree of intellectual disability, we expect them to have more difficulty developing speech than normal children do. If the child with Down’s syndrome does not have a hearing loss we expect the child’s ability to develop speech to be somewhat dependent on the level of intellectual ability. Therefore, if the child has only a mild intellectual disability (and no hearing loss) he or she usually develops a great deal of speech and can have a simple conversation with family or friends. If the child has a very severe degree of intellectual disability we expect the Down syndrome child to have a great deal of difficulty developing spoken language, and we may use signs and/or pictures (augmentative communication) to help us communicate with that child. (http://www.sch.edu.au) Long term effects-emotionally Around 1 in 5 people with Down’s syndrome will develop a psychological or behavioural condition. Children: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) – a behavioural condition that is characterised by a short attention span and impulsiveness Autistic spectrum disorder – a developmental disorder than can cause problems with language, behaviour and social interaction Teenagers and adults: Depression – a condition that causes persistent feelings of extreme sadness Obsessive compulsive disorder – a health condition that is usually associated with both obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviour. (http://www.nhs.uk) Short term effects – emotionally Because of the communication problems discussed above, people with Down’s syndrome may have difficulty talking about things that make them sad or angry. Major life changes such as loss or separation may prompt decreases in appropriate behaviour at school or work. (http://www.ds-health.com) Long term effects – socially They are recognisably inarticulate in their language and communication skills. Their emotional and intellectual growth is often retarded. Children with Down’s syndrome lack in social abilities. (http://www.buzzle.com) Short term effects – socially Socially people with Down’s syndrome are affected, they may feel that it is difficult to mix with people independently, although further into their lives they may develop more confidence to be able to socialise more easily. That’s not to say that people with Down’s syndrome are shy or unsociable, but just may have less confidence in certain years of their lives. Some people with Down’s syndrome may have to be supervised because of their condition, leaving them less outgoing and feeling uncomfortable having an adult watching over them. My second cause of additional need that i now intend to discuss is cerebral palsy Cerebral palsy is a general term covering a number of neurological conditions that affect a child’s movement and coordination. Neurological conditions affect the brain and nervous system. Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the brain, which normally occurs before, during or soon after birth. Known possible causes of cerebral palsy include: †¢ Infection in early pregnancy †¢ A difficult or premature birth †¢ Bleeding in the baby’s brain †¢ Abnormal brain development in the baby (http://www.nhs.uk) At some point very early in life, either while a baby is still growing in the womb, during birth or shortly after, something happens to interfere with the normal development of the brain or to injure the brain tissues. This abnormal development or injury disrupts the nerve signals between the brain and the muscles, leading to problems with movement, posture and coordination as the child grows up. This is called cerebral palsy. While some people are severely affected, others have only minor disruption, depending on which parts of the brain are not functioning properly. It’s estimated that as many as 1 in every 400 children may have cerebral palsy, which means nearly 2,000 babies, from all social backgrounds and ethnic groups, are diagnosed every year. (http://www.bbc.co.uk) About 1 in 500 babies born in the UK have cerebral palsy. The number of cases per year (the incidence) has not changed much over the period of 50 years or so. The health and care of mothers have improved in this time and some causes of cerebral palsy have decreased. However, more babies are being born prematurely and surviving. A proportion of these will have cerebral palsy. This (together with the cause in most cases not being known) is probably why the number of cases has not changed much over the period of 50 years or so. (http://www.patient.co.uk) What are the symptoms? Cerebral palsy is often classified into different types depending on the type of symptoms, which in turn probably reflect which parts of the brain are not working as they should. These include: †¢ Spastic cerebral palsy (about 70 per cent of all cases) – some of the muscles in the body are tight, stiff and weak, drawing the limbs in and making control of movement difficult. †¢ Athetoid (dyskinetic) cerebral palsy (10 per cent of cases) – control of muscles is disrupted by spontaneous and unwanted irregular writhing movements. These may be the result of muscles changing very rapidly from being loose and floppy to very tight and tense. The muscles used for speech may also be affected, interfering with communication. Control of posture is also disrupted. †¢ Ataxic cerebral palsy – problems include difficulty with balance, shaky movements of hands or feet, and difficulty with speech. †¢ Mixed cerebral palsy – a combination of two or more of the above. In coordination of the muscles of the mouth may cause feeding problems such as slow feeding, gagging and vomiting. There may be delayed motor milestones, such as crawling and walking , weakness or paralysis of the limbs, an abnormal gait and slowness in developing speech and social skills. As many as one in three children and adolescents with cerebral palsy also has epilepsy (or seizures). Other common problems include: †¢ Difficulty with walking, writing, eating, talking, dressing †¢ Problems with balance and coordination †¢ Difficulty controlling and maintaining posture (they may need help to sit upright) †¢ Visual difficulties †¢ Hearing problems (http://www.bbc.co.uk) The symptoms of cerebral palsy normally become apparent during the first three years of your child’s life. Your child may be slower in achieving important developmental goals, such as learning to crawl, walk or speak. Children with cerebral palsy also tend to have problems with their muscle tone (the unconscious ability to contract or relax muscles as needed). Your child may have: †¢ Hypertonia: increased muscle tone, which can make them appear stiff or rigid †¢ Hypotonia: decreased muscle tone, which makes them appear floppy (http://www.nhs.uk) The diagnosis The paediatrician will ask about a child’s history and their pattern of development. They will also study a child’s reflexes, posture, motor skills and muscle tone. Depending on the child’s age, they may also be referred to an educational psychologist so the child’s intellectual development can be assessed. Further tests may be recommended to rule out other conditions, which cause similar symptoms to cerebral palsy, such as a tumour or muscular dystrophy (a genetic condition affecting the development of the muscles). In some cases, further testing will also be able to confirm a diagnosis of cerebral palsy. This is because the condition can cause changes to the structure of the brain, which can be detected by the tests. Tests a child may require include: †¢ Blood tests †¢ Cranial ultrasound, which uses sound waves to build up a picture of the child’s brain tissue †¢ MRI scan, which uses radio and magnetic waves to study the brain in more detail †¢ CT scan, which uses a series of X-rays that are then assembled by a computer to create a detailed 3-D model of a child’s brain While a confident diagnosis of cerebral palsy can usually be made when s child is two or three years old, the type and severity of a child’s cerebral palsy may not be determined until they reach four or five years of age. (http://www.nhs.uk) Treatment There’s no cure for cerebral palsy. However, there are plenty of treatments and therapies that can reduce the impact of the condition by easing symptoms such as spasticity, improving communication skills and finding other ways to do things. Physiotherapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy can all play an important part. Children with cerebral palsy do best when they get special help from an early age. Because the brain changes a lot during the first few years of life, it can be difficult to assess the extent of cerebral palsy at first, but most experts suggest babies should be first assessed at about 9 to 12 months. Many children with cerebral palsy benefit from an approach known as conductive education, which helps them to overcome movement problems and gain some control through special education and rehabilitation. Adults can get a lot from it too. Speech and language therapy helps with speech development and also with eating, drinking, and swallowing. Surgery is sometimes needed to correct any deformities that develop as a result of abnormal muscle development or function. Medication can reduce muscle hyperactivity and spasticity, but physiotherapy is the bedrock of cerebral palsy management and can helps with posture and movement. It also tries to prevent progression of disability. Occupational therapy helps children overcome difficulties performing everyday tasks, encouraging them to lead independent lives. With help, most people with cerebral palsy are able to live much the same sort of lives as everyone else. They may have to work a bit harder to overcome practical problems, but most things are possible. (http://www.bbc.co.uk)

How to Write Good Argumentative Essays

Argumentative essays are something that you are very likely to encounter no matter what kind of subject you study. They are universal – as universal as debates are. You are given a topic, allowed to choose a point of view to support and have to find enough evidence in support of this viewpoint to crush the opponents – either theoretical or, in case your tutor is going to initiate a discussion based on students’ essays, real. The latter possibility means that you should prepare to it beforehand – to write really good argumentative essays one has to be ready to all eventualities. You can’t simply overlook an inconvenient piece of information if you know that your tutor or other students may use it to prove a different point of view. Thus, you have to prepare counter-arguments even to the points you have chosen to omit in your own essay, otherwise you may be found wanting during the following debates. Finding a Good Argumentative Essay Template If you want to be really ready to write your own argumentative essay, reading about how it is done is not nearly enough. The best way to practice will be to, well, practice – to try and write as many argumentative essays as possible before you have to do it for a grade. If, however, you don’t have enough time you’ll have to settle for reading an example or two and finding an argumentative essay template to base your own paper on. After you write a couple of essays according to this template you will be more or less prepared to write the task given to you by your tutor. Just be sure to borrow this template from a legitimate site the authors of which know their job well – although there are enough high quality sites dedicated to academic writing, the Internet is not a place to blindly take everything you find for its surface value. Write a Sample Essay on Gas Prices If you want to test yourself, choose a topic you don’t normally deal with – for example, gas prices (of course, if you are genuinely interested in them, choose something else – the point is in writing on an unfamiliar topic), choose a point of view to support (e.g., your suggestion to lowering them, the reasons why they are so high and so on), do the necessary research and write an essay proving your point. If you manage to write a good persuasive essay on gas prices, try to imagine your potential opponents (or ask a friend or relative to help you out) finding weak points in your writing and then take these weak spots into account. If you have time, write a couple more essays on similarly unfamiliar topics – it will teach you to find a way out from an unpleasant situation, collect information on things you don’t know about and prepare essays proving points you are not all that interested in. And chances are, the essay task your tutor will finally gi ve you will turn out to be much easier than the ones you have written in a way of preparation.